Abstrat: This paper sheds new light on English in Latin America, more specifically in Paraguay, a still relatively underresearched region in the context of world Englishes. At the turn of the 20th century, almost 600 colonizers from Australia and the UK settled in Paraguay with the goal of setting up an independent English-speaking society. However, the New Australia community was soon divided, and its English language and culture faded away. This paper describes the sociolinguistic history of the Anglo-Paraguayan community and addresses the question of why English disappeared in Paraguay.