Abstract: This thesis introduces and develops the concept of slow erasure to describe the layered, structural, and ongoing processes through which settler-colonial regimes seek to eliminate Indigenous identity, agency, and episteme. Building on and expanding the frameworks of genocide by attrition and cultural genocide, slow erasure captures the accumulative and often invisible forms of violence that operate through spatial control, epistemic suppression, bodily harm, and bureaucratic governance. While the concept is broadly applicable to other settler-colonial contexts, this thesis grounds its analysis in the case of Palestine, examining how Israeli settler-colonialism systematically unmakes the conditions that sustain Palestinian presence, memory, and resistance. The need for this concept arises from the insufficiency of dominant legal and scholarly frameworks to capture the diffuse, long-term nature of genocidal violence in settler-colonial contexts. Traditional definitions of genocide, rooted in physical extermination, fail to grasp the epistemic, cultural, and relational dimensions of erasure. By centring slow erasure, this work situates Palestinian experiences within a broader global pattern of settler-colonial genocide as a structure rather than an event. The thesis shows how settler-colonial regimes seek to dismantle the conditions that sustain Indigenous life, undermining cultural memory, severing ties to land and community, and erasing knowledge passed through generations. Through this framing, slow erasure emerges as both a theoretical tool and a political intervention, demanding that we reckon with genocidal violence in its less visible, yet no less devastating, forms. Ethnographically grounded and theoretically engaged, this research traces how Israeli settler-colonial power manifests through policies of confinement, incarceration, surveillance, destruction of heritage, and the weaponisation of care and death. Yet the thesis does not only dwell in erasure; it foregrounds resistance. It examines how Palestinians resist slow erasure through sumud (steadfastness), expressed in both overt and subtle ways: in prison education, hunger strikes, the cultivation of land, the defence of religious spaces, and the preservation of culture. These acts are profound assertions of life, memory, and futurity. Resistance is not framed as reaction but as ongoing presence—relational, embodied, and epistemic—challenging the settler state’s efforts to disappear the Indigenous. Ultimately, this thesis argues that slow erasure is not just a descriptive concept but an urgent analytic for peace research, genocide studies, and decolonial thought. It compels scholars and practitioners to attend to the quiet, bureaucratised, and systemic forms of violence that threaten Indigenous communities, not only in Palestine but globally. Recognising and naming slow erasure shifts the focus from moments of spectacular violence to structures of dispossession and survival, demanding an expanded moral and political vocabulary. In doing so, this work contributes to a broader call for solidarity, critical accountability, and a radical rethinking of what justice and liberation must entail in settler-colonial worlds.



Abstract: This article examines the role of banana plantations in the settler-colonial, capitalist transformation of Mandate-era Palestine. A microcosm of Zionist settlement and Indigenous Palestinian resistance, the cultivation of bananas reveals competing visions of development and national legitimacy, rooted in the cultural politics of ecological and economic nationalism. Framing banana cultivation in Palestine as a site of eco-nationalist struggle, the article details the convergence of capitalism, agriculture and ecology at the heart of the Zionist-Arab conflict. While bananas were not new to Palestine, efforts to significantly expand production under the British Mandate were constrained by the region’s poorly suited soil and climate, giving rise to competing discourses of scientific knowledge and cultural rootedness. Neither native to Palestine nor grounded in biblical tradition, bananas evoked in the settlers an ersatz ‘secular’ imagination of their inherent capability and expertise, which clashed with the lived reality of the Indigenous people’s deep familiarity with the local ecology and comparative agricultural success. Drawing on extensive primary sources, the article traces scientific discourses and cultural representations of banana cultivation in the districts of Beisan and Jericho, shedding new light on the ways in which agriculture shaped the Zionist-Arab conflict, including the role of the Palestinian capitalist class in resisting settler-colonial dispossession. The article thus explicates the role of bananas in uneven regional development and the struggle for control over land, demonstrating the usefulness of eco nationalism as a lens to better understand economy and ecology as tools of capital accumulation and control.








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