Abstract: This article introduces the concept of “speculative expropriation” to reframe Marx’s analysis of expropriation in the context of settler colonialism and capitalism in the West. I begin by examining Marx’s ideas of primitive accumulation and original expropriation, showing how his incomplete analysis of social relations to land can be extended to the transAtlantic context. Drawing on Marx’s pre-Capital manuscripts, I examine his treatment of ground rent and its relationship to feudalism, highlighting how the development of capitalism in the West relied on mechanisms overlooked in conventional readings of Marx’s work. I argue that settler colonialism in the New World did not follow the same logic as European primitive accumulation, where land was taken from peasants. Instead, speculative expropriators gave land to settlers, but only under specific racial and gendered conditions that tied landowners to the financial and political systems of the settler state. The land was often granted with mortgages and preemptive land sales, which placed settlers in debt and subjected them to the control of colonial institutions. This financial framework, grounded in the dispossession and genocide of Indigenous peoples, allowed capitalism to expand through speculative real estate and colonial constructs. By theorizing speculative expropriation, I show how the dynamics of settler colonialism reinvented capitalist accumulation, turning land ownership into a means of controlling settlers through debt rather than directly extracting their labor. This framework provides a new lens for understanding how capitalism expanded across the Atlantic and solidified its global reach in tandem with Indigenous dispossession and population replacement.






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Abstract: British Columbia (BC), Canada is repeatedly identified as ‘ground zero’ for climate injustices. These impacts are seen internationally and experienced locally through increased severity and intensity of wildfires. What international audiences do not see, however, is the role that insurance plays in the aftermath of wildfires—particularly the ways that insurance widens pre-existing social and economic gaps as created by and through socio-legal subjectivities. How insurance continues to uphold property regimes in BC, recreating legal and political dynamics rooted within settler coloniality, is rendered invisible in media and the literature. While property is a precursor for property insurance and research has outlined how property in BC is based upon settler colonialism, research has not considered the impacts of wildfire in BC on property as upheld by insurance, nor trickle down impacts on communities. It is these unacknowledged interconnections between wildfire, insurance, property, and settler colonialism that this paper begins to address by laying a theoretical foundation that can serve for future place-based and empirical studies. By engaging Indigenous-led and anti-colonial frameworks of settler colonialism and property, I interrogate the emergence of insurance and property, and how socio-legal subjectivities operate on reserve land and remain central in defining who and how insurance can be accessed. In so doing, I suggest that property insurance widens pre-existing social and legal disparities as animated through settler coloniality by allowing some to ‘build back’ and remain ‘in place’ while others cannot.







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