Abstract: The American west attracted Euro-American settlers in droves in the late nineteenth century. Settlers packed up their belongings, pets, and family members and traveled west in search of a life free of the financial and social constraints of common society. The Homestead Act urged immigrants and emigrants to claim tracts of indigenous lands, the only apparent cost being that they improve the land they claim. Many homestead settlements grew up around the wagon roads used to make the western journey, settling along these thoroughfares where water was available. Not all stops along these roads served the same function, however. Some might have been residential homes that made space for weary travelers, others might have been public houses or proper stage stops owned by the Army or mail route companies. Many stops likely served multiple purposes, as the needs of travelers and the growing communities became evident over time. How did the surrounding community, the former and current occupations of the settlers, and the landscape shape the function or functions of the homesteads? Through the in-depth analysis of a homestead property settled in nineteenth-century Poway, California, colloquially known as the Ober Homestead Site, the following study seeks to investigate how archaeology can be used to identify the function of mid- to late-nineteenth-century homestead sites located along the wagon roads to aid in painting a clearer picture of a community that might have been lost to the annals of time. By utilizing excavation data from fieldwork completed at the site in 1990 in conjunction with an in-depth artifact analysis of the artifacts recovered from that field effort and a thorough archival research study, the Ober Homestead study identified the location of an undocumented blacksmith shop that likely served the rural community and wagon road travelers. The study demonstrates that contextual analysis of historical archaeological sites, which requires the use of archival and archaeological data, can aid in determining the function of nineteenth century homestead sites beyond domestic, rural occupation. The study shows that an ancillary function of a homestead site will be informed by the needs of passing travelers, the community, the setting, and the occupations of homestead settlers. This is achieved with a thorough historical review of the region and site property, a literature review of three nineteenth century sites (a homestead, a stage station, and a blacksmith shop), the reconstruction and explanation of the work completed in 1990, and the completion of an in-depth analysis of artifacts recovered from the 1990 field effort.



Abstract: Colonial conservation did not emerge from a single place or moment in history, but through a convergence of imperial strategies to control and occupy land across colonies. Conservation discourse in the colonies conceals a system of exploitation that co-opts environmentalism in the service of empires. While green colonialism is often discussed in the context of capitalism and neo-colonialism, this study argues that its roots extend to early imperial and colonial conquests. Green colonialism, in this dissertation, refers to the seemingly benevolent environmental institutions and policies imposed by the French administration on colonized lands and populations in Algeria. Chapter one tracks how print and visual media cultivate the affective and epistemic conditions of land myths applied by French colonial discourse to Algeria. These myths include tropes of terra nullius, detachment, translatio imperii, “wastelands,” and “land decline.” Chapter two shows how those myths morph into colonial laws and institutions on Algerian soil, including forestry codes, conservation policing, acclimatization networks, botanic gardens, and agrarian projects. Chapter three turns to Indigenous literature, specifically the works of Algerian Kabyle author Mouloud Feraoun, The Poor Man’s Son (1950) and Land and Blood (1953), to challenge those myths and recenter Indigenous land relations, knowledge, and resistance. This dissertation establishes that green colonialism was integral to the French conquest of Algeria. It also places Algeria’s colonial environmental history within the broader histories of Indigenous dispossession and decolonial struggles. It challenges petromyopia in SWANA/MENA ecocriticism and environmental studies. This work argues that green colonialism developed alongside military occupation and, according to Damien Short’s genocide-ecocide nexus, constitutes ecocide. Because dominant colonial discourses have denied, minimized, or refused to acknowledge ecocide, this research argues the necessity of naming French colonial violence against human and other-than-human life as ecocide.


Description: Most revolutions don’t start with nineteen cardboard hexagons, but Klaus Teuber’s game about settling a hexagonal island quietly revolutionized boardgaming. Catan’s commercial success selling over 40 million copies certainly catalyzed a modern boardgaming boom. More importantly, its playful experiments set a new tone for game design. By making its cutthroat gameplay feel peaceful and pastoral, Catan helped a fledgling eurogame tradition forge its distinctive style and was heralded by Wired for “changing the American idea of what a board game can be.” Although peaceful revolutions are usually the best kind, it’s worth questioning how these games cultivate peaceful feelings. Today, peaceful-feeling eurogames often settle into detached design—a mindset of making conflict feel peaceful by dampening conflicted feelings. Unsettling Catan questions how peaceful-feeling eurogames can make implicitly imperialist themes palatable by cultivating a detached mindset that imagines power as peaceful, neutral, and abstract. To ask the hard questions that eurogames often look away from, the book walks through each aspect of Catan’s gameplay (placing hexes, rolling the dice, robbing and trading, collecting resources, building and scoring) to explore how simple design decisions can play out, or play with, cultural ideas and ideals. As the first entry in the Tabletop Games book series, Unsettling Catan introduces key concepts for thinking about board games as a medium and offers accessible game analyses and personal reflections to help players, creators, and scholars reimagine what board games can be and become.


Abstract: In settler states, police are used to establish and maintain colonial order, suppress Indigenous resistance, and secure state authority. Today, Indigenous people experience disproportionate rates of police contact that emerged during colonisation. Yet, mainstream scholarship on legitimacy has largely ignored Indigenous perspectives on policing, the wider context of settler colonialism, and questions of self-determination. This article focuses on police legitimacy and Indigenous self-determination in Australia, with implications for other settler states. I argue that Indigenous selfdetermination cannot be achieved without legitimate forms of social control. Building on the theorising of Beetham (1991) and Bottoms and Tankebe (2012), this article suggests that decolonised legitimacy dialogues are necessary to understand how Indigenous peoples conceptualise legitimate policing. A decolonised dialogue acknowledges policing’s colonial origins and its ongoing role in settler societies, the Western philosophies underlying legitimacy theory, and the need to centre Indigenous self-determination. I propose that “police” legitimacy can be enhanced via two pathways: (1) through reforms within state structures and/or (2) through Indigenous-generated alternatives (e.g., night patrols). This dual strategy considers the importance of both community-informed and evidence-based practices in policing to reduce harm while striving, ultimately, for as little (state) policing as possible. Here, I argue for epistemological consilience: the integration of Indigenous and Western knowledge systems.



Abstract: Palestinian exile in Ghassan Kanafani’s fiction deeply reshapes the relationships connecting individuals to home, memory, and historical existence. While existing scholarship has largely emphasized political nationalism, trauma, and structural settler-colonial violence, the ethical dimensions and processes of cultural sacralization sustained within disrupted domestic spaces remain underexplored, particularly in relation to how secular resistance narratives resonate within religious readerships. This article examines how home, memory, and return are represented in Returning to Haifa through an integrated framework of settler-colonial studies and the religious humanities. Employing qualitative textual analysis and close reading of both the Arabic original and its English translation, the study focuses on narrative structure, spatial description, and intergenerational dialogue. The analysis shows that home functions not merely as a domestic setting but as a culturally sacralized space where moral attachments endure against colonial erasure. Memory emerges as a form of ethical witnessing, while the transformation of Khaldun into Dov exposes the intimate violence of intergenerational rupture. This study contributes to religious literary studies by demonstrating how Kanafani’s secular narrative undergoes religious re-signification within contemporary Muslim horizons of expectation, demonstrating how such a moral reframing is enacted by specific communities of reading through shared ethical imaginaries of dignity (al-karamah) and historical continuity.



Abstract: It seems that Palestine has found a convenient spot in the cloud, as a complex, yet seemingly cohesive, digital nation comes into being. The growing possibilities of online connectivity through social media, search engines, and streaming services, along with the newly designed features of online articulation (posting, sharing, commenting, reacting, and so forth), are intensifying the idea of a single people, a single heritage, and a single national destiny. This article presents the concept of digital Palestinian nationalism as a critical prism for examining how online political activism in support of Palestine reveals the multiple, somewhat conflicting, layers of present Palestinian temporality. My contention is that digital Palestinian nationalism operates in an algorithmic present that significantly intensifies the historical temporality of national imagination but is simultaneously in conflict with various ongoing temporalities of Palestinian displacement. Deeply entangled in the sociometer of user engagement, algorithmic processes amplify deep national sentiments among Palestinians everywhere in reaction to footage of Israeli violence in the occupied West Bank and the besieged Gaza Strip (since 7 October 2023) within a constant frame of “real-time” and “right-time.” However, in buttressing national sentiments, this algorithmic presentness hinders attempts to imagine differently so that the Palestinian story might branch out to comprehend the multiple ongoing political and cultural developments of Palestinian experience in the various contexts of displacement in Israel-Palestine and the world at large.




Archives

stats for wordpress