Abstract: This article seeks to reorient the space race and especially the 1969 Apollo 11 mission within Civil Rights, Black, and Native American Movements’ resistance to an oppressive U.S. state. In contextualizing the space race as part of a Cold War contest between the United States and the ongoing threat of the Soviet Union, I draw heavily on studies of space exploration that turn outwards to analyze space flight primarily within the history of technological innovation and international diplomacy, noting, too, the cross-pollination between actual space exploration and science fiction. Yet rather than using this literature to provide further insight into the space race’s role in global politics, in this essay, I turn inwards to consider how Native and Black artists and activists firmly tethered the Moon flight to the earthly realm in order to satirize the Apollo mission. Their aesthetic strategies highlight a structure of feeling in which lived affects like ridicule or disappointment compete with officially encouraged sublimity. In doing so, I argue that Native and Black artists and authors—namely Howlin’ Wolf, Faith Ringgold, and Simon J. Ortiz—took up the very formal features of the performance of the Apollo 11 mission to reject the government’s celestial and inspirational framing of space flight by focusing instead upon the everyday to diagnose space exploration as an escapist fantasy that can only compulsively repeat the injustices they face on earth. Through my attention to non-hegemonic audiences and strategies I hope to make two interventions. First, I situate the Apollo mission as an aesthetic event, if also a geopolitical one, following the literary critic Hortense Spillers. Second, this framing allows me to show how Black and Native authors and artists like those I consider seized on space flight as a performance, using its specific formal features not to dismiss that performance, but rather to render it absurd.












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