Excerpt: At the core of discussions of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructures are land and property ownership, the understandings of which are shaped by settler colonialism in the United States and administered by a constellation of global settler state formations. Settler colonialism names an orientation to the world and life; it is a way of being and relating to land, peoples, objects, and knowledge that prioritize the liberal humanist citizen-subject and the creation and acquisition of property and possession, and it is deeply characterized by white supremacy and enforced through various forms of targeted violence (Estes et al., 59, 107). When utilized as an analytical approach, settler colonial studies insists on making legible the relationship between land, infrastructure, private property, and the project of settler statecraft. This framework extends research in electronic and digital colonialism and makes explicit the spatial and racial violence required to maintain settler society. Bringing forth the connections between the settler state, surveillance projects realized through the military-industrial complex, and the impact of commercial interests in the shaping of the use of internet technology, this chapter argues that a web of networked settler logics emerges through a critical reading of ICT infrastructure that links the development of the telegraph, telegraphone, and the internet to settler colonial property regimes in the United States. While this chapter applies settler colonial studies as a lens through which to analyze ICTs in the United States, it is important to approach other geopolitical sites with attention to their specific imperial and colonial histories and understand that occupation is quotidian, ongoing, and altered by local conditions. The goal of this chapter is to confront and dismantle narratives of settler technological supremacy and consider anticolonial and decolonial approaches in critical infrastructure studies (CIS).









Abstract: This thesis examines the transformation of the Great Lakes borderlands in the 1860s and 1870s, a period in which overlapping claims to sovereignty gave way to the consolidation of centralized settler states in the North American West. In the western Great Lakes Borderlands–encompassing present-day Minnesota and Manitoba–Indigenous nations, the United States, and the British Empire contested authority, and irreconcilable understandings of sovereignty produced sustained conflict and instability. Focusing on the American Civil War, the Dakota War of 1862, and the Red River Rebellion as interconnected crises, the thesis argues that these conflicts accelerated the consolidation of federal and imperial authority by pushing the United States and the British Empire (later Canada) toward centralized control over contested western territories and Indigenous populations. U.S. suppression of Dakota resistance eradicated Indigenous sovereignty claims in Minnesota, while the Dakota flight across the 49th parallel exposed the fragility of imperial authority. In Rupert’s Land, the inability of the Hudson’s Bay Company to enforce order revealed the limits of company rule and contributed to the transfer of political authority in the Northwest from a commercial monopoly to the expanding Canadian state. The resulting resistance in Red River emerged after the transfer of Rupert’s Land to Canada threatened the political autonomy and landholding practices of the Métis, a distinct Indigenous and mixed-ancestry community that had long dominated the region’s fur trade economy. Although the resistance was contained through a negotiated incorporation into the new Canadian dominion, many of the promised protections quickly eroded as settlement expanded westward. In the years that followed, Canadian officials increasingly used treaties as instruments of settler colonialism expansion, facilitating settlement while gradually subordinating Indigenous and Métis autonomy across the Northwest. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the Great Lakes borderlands served as a crucible for continental change, where Indigenous resistance, settler-state expansion, and racial hierarchies reshaped political and spatial orders. By linking regional conflicts to transnational processes, it demonstrates that the consolidation of the United States and Canada emerged not as isolated national projects, but as interconnected responses to shared challenges of sovereignty, migration, and control.





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