Abstract: In settler-colonial states that seek to recognize Indigenous rights, such as Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ), the transition to agricultural sustainability must draw upon the insights of both Indigenous knowledge, in this case mātauranga Māori, and Western knowledge systems. This was the premise behind the ‘Sustainability Transition Challenge Wānanga’ that took place in 2023 under the leadership of the Indigenous people of Ōtautahi (Christchurch), Ngāi Tūāhuriri. Grounded in wānanga as an Indigenous knowledge sharing methodology, this discussion paper explores five themes pertinent to the emerging sustainable agriculture transition in ANZ: 1) the importance of embracing te ao Māori (Māori worldview) in knowledge production related to sustainability; 2) the role of Indigenous leadership in sustainable agriculture; 3) the place of traditional/customary food practices and environmental management approaches within sustainable agri-food transitions; 4) the centrality of renewing mana whakahaere (governance); and 5) the importance of celebrating and sharing successes. Our discussion of these themes suggests future research on agri-food transitions in settler-colonial contexts pay greater attention to the key role of Indigenous property rights, co-governance models that acknowledge these rights, and the potential for catchment-level initiatives for operationalizing these approaches. We call on sustainability transition researchers to bring to the fore more stories of successful Indigenous-led transition experiments in settler-colonial contexts to mitigate political tensions that arise at the community level, allow lessons to be learned from, and inspire further change informed by both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems.



Abstract: ‘Finding potentialities’ has become a central obsession in colonial and state-driven efforts to identify latent value in land and life forms. It functions as a primary mechanism through which multispecies colonialism operates in Papua’s wetlands. Drawing on Dutch colonial reports and the early work of Indonesian agrarian reform scholar Gunawan Wiradi, this analysis traces how an ideology rooted in technocratic and racialized logics has reshaped Papuan landscapes over time. The argument proceeds in three parts. First, ‘finding potentiality’ has a clear historical genealogy in the Dutch colonial project of converting wetlands into sites of large-scale agricultural production. Wetlands were framed as idle, invisible, and unproductive – a view later adopted by the Indonesian state after 1963, enabling interventions such as transmigration. Second, this logic operates as a form of multispecies colonialism. Settler colonialism projects under the Indonesian government in Papua extend beyond the control of human populations to include the deliberate introduction and management of non-native plants and animals. Third, a fundamental tension emerges between the future-oriented, extractive vision of potentiality and the present-oriented realities of Indigenous Papuans. For colonial and state actors, potential is tied to projected economic value and is used to justify the transformation of existing ecologies in the name of future gains. This perspective reduces the biodiverse regions to a measurable and exploitable resource, often framed as a ‘pool of genes’, while not only disregarding subsistence practices but also produce land dispossession and disrupt Papuan relationships to their ecological time and place.




Abstract: Settler colonialism is a theory, policy, and practice in which settlers create new political orders on lands dispossessed from Indigenous peoples. Typically, an empire seeks to remove Indigenous inhabitants and replace them with settlers from the metropole in order to generate revenues from land sales, bolster sovereignty claims through occupation of territory, and, eventually, provide staples to help feed the metropole. In order to gain the land necessary for settler colonial projects, settlers need to remove Indigenous peoples: either through genocide, by restricting or removing Indigenous sovereignty and land base, or by conceptual erasure and forcible assimilation into the settler citizenry. While colonial settlement has existed since at least the beginnings of European colonization in the 15th century—and potentially much earlier—it has defined especially the 19th and early 20th centuries. British settler colonies (especially Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa) have all enforced similar policies of settler colonial dispossession. After providing a summary of the emergence of settler colonial studies as a discipline and definitions of settler colonialism, this article focuses mainly on settler colonial policy in Canada and British settler colonies generally. It shows that colonial settlement created a settler society based on the redistribution of land dispossessed from Indigenous nations to settlers perceived as desirable, and shaped immigration policy to recruit large numbers of settlers from Europe, ideally able-bodied farmers. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between colonial settlement and migration. Topics include dispossession and displacement; doctrines of discovery and occupation; imperial competition over colonies; the Homestead Act and the Dominion Lands Act; terra nullius; whiteness and desirability; and the emergence of “white settler colonies,” “neo-Europes,” and the “Angloworld” in the 19th century.



Abstract: The migration and adaptation of Italian settlers during and after decolonization offer valuable insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of empire’s end and its enduring legacies. Italian settlers navigated diverse trajectories, including repatriation to a war-torn metropole; adaptation to postwar Italy’s socioeconomic challenges; and continued settlement in former colonies such as Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Libya. These experiences reveal how colonial systems unraveled over time, complicating narratives of decolonization as a singular political event. Instead, Italian decolonization emerges as a prolonged and multifaceted process, shaped by migration, identity, and memory across generations and geographies. Comparative perspectives situate the Italian case within broader global patterns of settler colonial transitions, highlighting similarities and differences with other colonial powers, such as France, Portugal, and Britain. Theories from settler colonial studies frame this analysis, emphasizing the persistence of colonial structures and the challenges of dismantling settler hierarchies. Repatriation, often framed as a return to the homeland, was marked by logistical, economic, and emotional complexities, blurring the boundaries between exile and homecoming. Meanwhile, those settlers who remained in former colonies grappled with precarious positions in postcolonial societies, negotiating shifting power dynamics and evolving social relationships. This exploration underscores the importance of understanding decolonization not merely as the transfer of sovereignty but as an ongoing transformation embedded in cultural, economic, and institutional frameworks. The trajectories of Italian settlers, whether repatriating to Italy or remaining in former colonies, can only be fully understood within the context of decolonization as a long-term process. By examining these experiences over an extended timeline, it becomes clear how migration, memory, and identity intertwined to shape the collapse of Italy’s colonial empire and its enduring legacies in both metropolitan and postcolonial societies.




top posts today

Archives

stats for wordpress