Abstract: This qualitative study relies on a theory-driven analysis of legal and institutional sources to evaluate the application of post-colonial theory to the Kashmir issue by India, comparing the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir with India’s North-Eastern states at the intra-state level and India’s brinkmanship with South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations at the inter-state level. The paper identifies a recurring pattern of territorial hegemony in which limited political accommodation is initially granted, followed by legal and institutional restructuring that converts occupation into annexation and brings settler-colonization into play. The Indian unilateral moves of 2019 in Jammu and Kashmir is shown as set pattern and replication of strategies previously employed in India’s North-Eastern and peripheral regions. The paper makes three key contributions. First, it advances post-colonial theory by demonstrating how India, once a colonized state, itself functions as a colonizing power. Second, it provides a fact-based legal assessment of potential actions by the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General under Article 99, highlighting gaps between international norms and United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Third, through a comparative approach, it evaluates Indian brinkmanship and draws strategic lessons for smaller SAARC states in future where India eyes to expand. The paper establishes that Kashmir has entered a most crucial phase of settler colonialism, placing the Kashmiri people at demographic extinction.





Abstract: In settler-colonial states that seek to recognize Indigenous rights, such as Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ), the transition to agricultural sustainability must draw upon the insights of both Indigenous knowledge, in this case mātauranga Māori, and Western knowledge systems. This was the premise behind the ‘Sustainability Transition Challenge Wānanga’ that took place in 2023 under the leadership of the Indigenous people of Ōtautahi (Christchurch), Ngāi Tūāhuriri. Grounded in wānanga as an Indigenous knowledge sharing methodology, this discussion paper explores five themes pertinent to the emerging sustainable agriculture transition in ANZ: 1) the importance of embracing te ao Māori (Māori worldview) in knowledge production related to sustainability; 2) the role of Indigenous leadership in sustainable agriculture; 3) the place of traditional/customary food practices and environmental management approaches within sustainable agri-food transitions; 4) the centrality of renewing mana whakahaere (governance); and 5) the importance of celebrating and sharing successes. Our discussion of these themes suggests future research on agri-food transitions in settler-colonial contexts pay greater attention to the key role of Indigenous property rights, co-governance models that acknowledge these rights, and the potential for catchment-level initiatives for operationalizing these approaches. We call on sustainability transition researchers to bring to the fore more stories of successful Indigenous-led transition experiments in settler-colonial contexts to mitigate political tensions that arise at the community level, allow lessons to be learned from, and inspire further change informed by both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems.



Abstract: ‘Finding potentialities’ has become a central obsession in colonial and state-driven efforts to identify latent value in land and life forms. It functions as a primary mechanism through which multispecies colonialism operates in Papua’s wetlands. Drawing on Dutch colonial reports and the early work of Indonesian agrarian reform scholar Gunawan Wiradi, this analysis traces how an ideology rooted in technocratic and racialized logics has reshaped Papuan landscapes over time. The argument proceeds in three parts. First, ‘finding potentiality’ has a clear historical genealogy in the Dutch colonial project of converting wetlands into sites of large-scale agricultural production. Wetlands were framed as idle, invisible, and unproductive – a view later adopted by the Indonesian state after 1963, enabling interventions such as transmigration. Second, this logic operates as a form of multispecies colonialism. Settler colonialism projects under the Indonesian government in Papua extend beyond the control of human populations to include the deliberate introduction and management of non-native plants and animals. Third, a fundamental tension emerges between the future-oriented, extractive vision of potentiality and the present-oriented realities of Indigenous Papuans. For colonial and state actors, potential is tied to projected economic value and is used to justify the transformation of existing ecologies in the name of future gains. This perspective reduces the biodiverse regions to a measurable and exploitable resource, often framed as a ‘pool of genes’, while not only disregarding subsistence practices but also produce land dispossession and disrupt Papuan relationships to their ecological time and place.




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