Excerpt: Read together or alone, these three valuable contributions to nineteenth-century studies provide us with insights into how Victorian journalism in particular influenced imperial narratives and shaped public opinion on war, race, and empire. Settlers, War, and Empire in the PressUnsettling News in Australia and Britain, 1863–1901 examines Australian colonist conflicts in New Zealand (1863–64), the Sudan (1885), and South Africa (1899–1902) via their representation in newspapers. In his opening remarks Sam Hutchinson makes the claim that the ‘Anzac legend’, or ‘Anzac spirit’ (the set of courageous characteristics said to be demonstrated by Australian and New Zealanders during the First World War), as articulated by the newspaper press, can be pieced together from different elements in the reporting of each of the aforementioned conflicts. The Anzac spirit is, as such, one example of the main preoccupation of Hutchinson’s thesis: the formation of a settler character, forged out of the negotiation between representations of Australia as colony and an increasingly independent set of states, moving towards federation and commonwealth. This negotiation, as indicated by the title of Hutchinson’s book, emerges via close readings of the periodical press in Britain and Australia. Indeed, one of the key revelations of Settlers is the interpretative interplay — the dynamic, reciprocal relationship — between newspapers in Australia and Britain revealed by Hutchinson’s analysis. This analysis uncovers how the news reported in one location shaped the perspective and content of the news in the other.


Abstract: Indigenous-settler reconciliation in Australia and Canada seeks to reset relationships deeply harmed by generations of legal discrimination and cultural genocide. Prime ministerial apologies in both countries in 2008, alongside sustained Indigenous, civil society, and legal advocacy, appeared to reinvigorate reconciliation efforts. However, progress has since stalled. While existing research has examined various social and political factors shaping reconciliation, few studies have simultaneously examined the roles of societal narratives and individual attitudes. This thesis therefore asks: what are the societal-level and individuallevel barriers to Indigenous-settler reconciliation in Australia and Canada? To answer this question, the thesis presents five empirical studies using qualitative and quantitative methods within a comparative framework informed by settler colonial theory. The studies analyse the influence of history education, collective memory, media discourse, and public opinion on support for reconciliation. Across these domains, the findings demonstrate the recursive nature of societal narratives and individual attitudes toward reconciliation. The analysis identifies three societal-level barriers operating across contexts: the continued use of, or belief in, collective memories challenged by the 2008 apologies, settler paternalism, and deficit framing of Indigenous Peoples. These narratives are reproduced through formal education and media discourse, shaping public understandings of reconciliation and influencing individual-level support for reconciliation initiatives. Taken together, the findings provide a comparative, multi-level explanation of how societal narratives and individual attitudes interact recursively to sustain barriers to reconciliation in settler colonial societies. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for advancing reconciliation and identifying avenues for future research.






Abstract: This thesis reorients settler colonial studies towards an understanding of humanitarianism’s role in the constitution of the settler subject. Grounded in the case of Palestine/Israel, the settler colonial modality of humanitarianism that I illustrate is two-fold: enabling the continuous establishment of the settler society; and providing a tool for the dispossession of Palestinians. To substantiate these central claims, I draw from a genealogical methodology that reconstructs the changing patterns and spaces in which humanitarianism came to shape the settler subject, tracing its appearance and evolution to present day. To trace this genealogy linking different historical moments to the present, I relied on research in multiple archives and over 60 interviews conducted primarily during fieldwork in Palestine/Israel. The global history of humanitarianism in colonial and settler colonial contexts tells us a story in which it is usually the native subject the recipient of humanitarian aid and sentiment. But archival research on the relief work of the Zionist Commission (1918-1921), which targeted settlers in need of aid to rebuild damaged colonies, reveals a distinct form of settler colonial humanitarianism which breaks from that historical pattern. After the First World War, humanitarian relief transformed into an instrument of settler sovereignty formation within the bounds of British imperial rule. Meanwhile, in revisiting the 1948 Nakba (catastrophe), I argue that the 1923 precedent on Greek-Turkish ‘population exchanges’ influenced how the expulsion of Palestinians was framed as a ‘humanitarian’ population transfer. This moment opens an avenue for understanding humanitarianism’s function in the dispossession of Palestinians. Yet, at this historical conjuncture, for the Israeli statehood project to succeed the mass depopulation of Palestinians that took place in 1948 had to be coupled with populating the conquered land with settlers. Here I argue that the ‘humanitarianisation’ of the Jewish immigration process facilitated the creation of the Israeli settler state. Drawing from an ethnographic approach and interviews with Israeli settlers, Israeli military officials, and staff of international humanitarian organisations, I explore the contemporary manifestations of the settler subject through two different processes. First, I examine a recent form of humanitarian governance adopted by the Israeli military which serves to buttress the control, counterinsurgency strategies, and ultimately dispossession of Palestinians. Second, a close appraisal of Israeli settlers evacuated from Gaza in 2005 reveals the multiple ways in which a settler colonial form of humanitarianism emerged. Israeli settlers began mobilising the figure of the refugee and the mental health discourse of trauma to disavow the process of de settlement from Palestinian land. Through a reconstruction of the historical and contemporary contours of Israeli settler colonialism, this genealogical investigation thus shows how humanitarianism generates an eliminationist settler subjectivity that heralds the removal and replacement of Palestinians.





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