Excerpt: White frontier heroism was defined through opposition to racial and cultural otherness throughout the process of settlement. Kyle T. Mays establishes that “the foundations of the United States, its current power and wealth, were built on enslaved African labor and the expropriation of Indigenous land” (19). This position raises the question of how to reconcile reading Black and Native American people as heroes of a myth based on a settler colonialism that victimized both.