« Settlers need land; it must be confiscated: Abd elkarim Harma, ‘The Colonial Administration’s Policy and the French Governors General in Land Confiscation and the Promotion of the Settler Movement and Its Impact on Algerians (1852-1870)’, El-Hakika (the Truth): Journal for Social and Human Sciences, 24, 3, 2025, pp. 206-224
Settler colonialism can be green (and nasty): Ghada Sasa, Resisting Green Colonialism: Palestinian and Islamic Strides Towards Justice and Sustainability, PhD dissertation, McMaster University, 2025 »

Settlers for sport: Robert Kossuth, Adam Mills, ‘Fraternal Societies, Settler Colonialism, and Combat Sports on Canada’s Prairie West’, Sport History Review, 2025

11Oct25

Abstract: In southern Alberta, Canada, during the early twentieth century, fraternal organizations such as the Oddfellows, Moose, Elks, and Eagles employed boxing and wrestling to advance their interests and assist in molding members to demonstrate the discipline and respectability expected of a member. These organizations not only appropriated symbols of the natural world—Elk, Eagle, and Moose—to stake a claim to the land and space that they occupied but also offered male settlers social support and economic benefits in the case of injury or death when such support was largely unavailable. Boys and young men represented ideal candidates for membership to continue and promote the brotherhoods’ shared beliefs and values, and boxing and wrestling were considered valuable activities for achieving these ends. As a result, boxing and wrestling benefitted fraternal societies, allowing them to attract new members while entrenching existing settler colonial relations on Canada’s prairie west.


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