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Abstract: This paper develops a concept, ‘the tree farm pastoral,’ that describes the ability to perceive beauty in the midst of destruction and dispossession through a particular framing of the extraction of wood and the cultivation of crops. The tree farm pastoral is an affective orientation marked by a series of profound transformations in the management of forests – the development of ‘sustained yield forestry’ – which occurred around the middle of the twentieth century and that fundamentally shifted the relationship between settlers and trees in British Columbia, Canada. Emerging from an analysis of forest management documents as well as the life and work of Robert Swanson – a poet, logger, engineer, railway inspector and whistle inventor – this paper argues that this transformation was also discursive and perceptual, occurring on the level of language and sound. Bringing insights from cultural studies, sound studies, settler-colonial, and Indigenous studies into conversation with primary sources about forestry from the mid-twentieth century, this paper argues that the tree farm pastoral – as constructed materially, discursively, and perceptually – serves to help settlers affectively navigate the tension between loving and caring for, while disrespecting and destroying, the forests of British Columbia. The tree farm pastoral names a particular entanglement between the material and discursive forms of extraction and dispossession – the concrete and physical versus the ideological and affective – that can be hard to parse when theorized in general or out of context. This paper offers the tree farm pastoral as a tool we can use to describe a way of being oriented towards the world that fuels and enables settler-colonialism, to complicate our understanding of the affective dimensions of extractivism, and to add to discussions about metaphor, language, and sound as they relate to techno-utopian discourses in media studies and beyond.





Abstract: Racially disproportionate incarceration, or over-incarceration, of Indigenous people is a significant issue in the US. Overincarceration of Indigenous people in the US is a critical and deep-rooted social issue. Racialized structural inequalities in general are theorized to underpin racialized inequalities in carceral system capture (arrest and incarceration) and outcomes including sentence length, monetary penalties, and supervision. Further, settler colonialism is theorized to underpin these inequalities where they are experienced by Native people. However, this research area is still in the earlier stages of development in the US. Nonetheless, a notable body of literature is available that demonstrates the existence of Native carceral system, or “criminal justice system,” inequality at the stage of arrest, incarceration, and post-release supervision, as well as in the case of the assessment of legal financial obligations. As well as those that theorize the underlying structures that create, maintain, and exacerbate these inequalities of criminalization and carceral system capture. This review and synthesis of the literature provides a comprehensive illustration of the state of carceral system inequalities experienced by Native (Indigenous) individuals and communities in the United States from the criminalization of Nativeness within US law and culture to the modern experiences of disparate carceral system involvement and the disparately harsh outcomes of this involvement.