Description: The most enduring feature of U.S. history is the presence of Native Americans, yet most histories focus on Europeans and their descendants. The long practice of ignoring Indigenous history is changing, however, with a dynamic new generation of scholars insisting that any full American history must address the struggle, survival, and resurgence of American Indian nations. Indigenous history is essential to understanding the evolution of modern America. In this ambitious book Ned Blackhawk interweaves five centuries of Native and non-Native histories, from Spanish colonial exploration to the rise of Native American self-determination in the late twentieth century. In a transformative synthesis of recent scholarship, Blackhawk shows that European colonization in the 1600s was never a predetermined success, that Native nations helped shape England’s crisis of empire, that the first shots of the American Revolution were prompted by Indian affairs in the interior, that California Indians targeted by federally funded militias were among the first casualties of the Civil War, that the Union victory forever recalibrated Native communities across the West, and that twentieth-century reservation activists refashioned American law and policy. A full retelling of U.S. history requires much more than a reckoning over disease, violence, and dispossession—it requires acknowledging the enduring power, agency, and survival of Native nations to create a truer account of the formation and expansion of the United States. Studying and teaching America’s Indigenous truths reveals anew the varied meanings of America.



Abstract: This forum explores the geopolitics of infrastructure in the context of Israel’s war on Gaza, situating the current genocide within longer histories of settler colonialism, spatial control, and transnational complicity. As homes, hospitals, and schools are reduced to rubble, this destruction is not only military, but infrastructural – an assault on the material conditions of Palestinian life. Infrastructure emerges here not as background, but as a primary mechanism of governance, dispossession, and colonial reordering. From roads and borders to electricity grids and telecommunications, the systems that organise everyday life in Gaza and the West Bank are also those that fragment space, enforce dependency, and suppress self-determination. Rather than viewing this destruction in isolation, contributors trace how it is sustained by regional and global circuits of capital, logistics, arms, and energy. Gaza’s collapse is embedded in a broader political economy of militarism, where supply chains, defence industries, and financial infrastructures turn dispossession into profit. Yet, this forum also foregrounds counter-infrastructures and practices of resistance: from survival networks and subterranean spaces of refusal, to workers’ strikes and transport disruptions that challenge the flows sustaining Israeli militarism. Together, these essays ask what it means to ‘follow infrastructures’ in a moment of mass atrocity – what such a method reveals about power, complicity, and potential rupture. The forum moves beyond documenting destruction to consider how infrastructure is both a tool of domination and a terrain of struggle. Across scales and contexts, it highlights how Palestinians resist infrastructural warfare and how international solidarity movements can intervene in the systems that enable it. In doing so, the forum contributes to a growing body of politically accountable scholarship, mapping not only how infrastructures sustain violence, but how they might be reimagined.


Abstract: “The Spanish Question: Migration, Identity, and Settler Politics in French Algeria, 1830-1939” examines the place and influence of Spanish immigrants and their French-naturalized descendants (néos) in shaping – and being shaped by – French Algeria’s evolving social, political, and racial order. Focusing on the period from France’s occupation of Algeria in 1830 through the interwar era, it demonstrates how Spanish settlers served as a vital labor force and a persistent source of anxiety for both colonial administrators and established French settlers (Français d’origine). Although formally integrated via naturalization legislation, the néos remained subject to suspicion and marginalization, prompting them to navigate a precarious “in-between” status that reveals larger tensions underlying France’s colonial vision of citizenship, politics, whiteness, and social hierarchies. Through a multi-archival approach – encompassing French governmental records, Spanish consular correspondence, press publications, and select personal testimonies – this dissertation investigates the mechanisms by which néos were both included and excluded and their responses. It shows how transnational networks, local patronage, and governmental debates and anxieties around nationality, citizenship, and identity intersected. Neither wholly imposed upon, nor wholly powerful, Spanish immigrants and néos navigated a precarious terrain of partial acceptance and lingering suspicion, forging alliances and adopting strategies that at times reinforced and at other times subverted the colonial status quo. Simultaneously, French officials, journalists, and settler elites policed and perpetuated ethnic boundaries, insisting upon distinctions between “pure” and “paper” French people in the colony. These internal settler divisions, generally overshadowed by the stark divide between Europeans and Indigenous Algerians, represent a critical but underexplored dimension of colonial Algerian history. By weaving together immigration histories, diplomatic and governmental correspondence, municipal politics, and local reporting, the study illuminates how the néos leveraged limited resources and social capital to negotiate shifting political landscapes. Across the decades in question, patterns of inclusion and exclusion were further entangled with broader changes in the French Empire, including the rise of republican egalitarian ideals, the rhetoric of “Pan-Latin” solidarity, and heightened global anxieties about communism, fascism, and other transnational ideologies. As public debates on colonial citizenship intensified, the néos confronted ongoing challenges to their legitimacy and, in turn, influenced local realignments, especially with the extreme right, that shaped Algerian settler politics. Ultimately, this dissertation demonstrates that Spanish settlers in Algeria played a pivotal and revealing role in exposing the fragility of French assimilationist frameworks. While naturalization nominally expanded the ranks of “white” citizens in Algeria, it also exposed fractures within the settler community itself, creating new arenas for social conflict and political competition. By tracing these developments, “The Spanish Question” speaks to broader historiographical conversations on the fluid boundaries of European settler identity and the complexities of colonial rule, offering a counter-narrative that goes beyond a simple colonizer-colonized binary. In so doing, it not only situates Spanish migration within the larger story of French Algeria but also enriches our understanding of how competing notions of race, belonging, and governance evolved and were contested in an empire that never fully resolved its own contradictions.