Excerpt: Globally, across countries and populations, Indigenous peoples face a greater burden of disease than non-Indigenous peoples, including cardiovascular disease and HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases, and have higher infant and maternal mortality and lower life expectancy. Their health is impacted by epigenetic stressors of generational oppression and violence, including disproportionate numbers of missing and murdered Indigenous women, lower educational attainment, and persistent poverty. Further, health services for Indigenous populations are typically under-resourced with language and culture appropriate care a rarity. Structural forces limit access to health care and systemic racism and discrimination towards Indigenous peoples can make it difficult to develop trusting relationships with non-Indigenous providers. The health of Indigenous populations also has a greater vulnerability to the decline of the planet’s natural resources, as their way of life is so intimately connected to waters, lands, and forests.