Description: How the rhetoric of terrorism has been used against high-profile movements to justify the oppression and suppression of Indigenous activists. New Indigenous movements are gaining traction in North America: the Missing and Murdered Women and Idle No More movements in Canada, and the Native Lives Matter and NoDAPL movements in the United States. These do not represent new demands for social justice and treaty rights, which Indigenous groups have sought for centuries. But owing to the extraordinary visibility of contemporary activism, Indigenous people have been newly cast as terrorists—a designation that justifies severe measures of policing, exploitation, and violence. Red Scare investigates the intersectional scope of these four movements and the broader context of the treatment of Indigenous social justice movements as threats to neoliberal and imperialist social orders. In Red Scare, Joanne Barker shows how US and Canadian leaders leverage the fear-driven discourses of terrorism to allow for extreme responses to Indigenous activists, framing them as threats to social stability and national security. The alignment of Indigenous movements with broader struggles against sexual, police, and environmental violence puts them at the forefront of new intersectional solidarities in prominent ways. The activist-as-terrorist framing is cropping up everywhere, but the historical and political complexities of Indigenous movements and state responses are unique. Indigenous criticisms of state policy, resource extraction and contamination, intense surveillance, and neoliberal values are met with outsized and shocking measures of militarized policing, environmental harm, and sexual violence. Red Scare provides students and readers with a concise and thorough survey of these movements and their links to broader organizing; the common threads of historical violence against Indigenous people; and the relevant alternatives we can find in Indigenous forms of governance and relationality.








Abstract: Taking the Wakefieldian colonial project in Otago as the starting point, this thesis examines fatherhood in nineteenth and early twentieth-century Dunedin, linking masculinity and family to the colonial project in Aotearoa. Histories of masculinity and fatherhood have burgeoned since the 1980s, with important studies on topics such as class, war and Empire. Yet the intersection between masculinity, family and settler colonialism has not received much attention to date, especially regarding personal experiences of fatherhood. In particular, the roles and experiences of fathers in nineteenth and early twentieth-century New Zealand remain largely unexplored. This research seeks to bridge this gap by asking in what ways fathers were connected to their children, families and wider kin in a colonial society, and how religion, cultural background and class impacted on fathering styles.The thesis is comprised of seven thematic chapters structured around key features of the colonial society of Dunedin and wider Otago. The five core chapters focus on religion, welfare, mobility, business and education, which are bookended by two chapters that focus on links between fatherhood and the colonial project of Otago, with the final chapter reflecting on the broader legacies of colonial fathers in a particular place. Throughout the thesis, attention is given to changes in Dunedin over time, and how these are reflected in the experiences of fathers and families.Based on a rich array of family correspondence, business archives, and published sources related to a select number of Dunedin families, this thesis argues that examining personal experiences of fatherhood enriches our understanding of family, relationships, kin networks and settler colonialism in New Zealand. It concludes that aspiration was a key feature of fatherhood, with fathers invested in their children’s prospects in various ways. This could take the form of breadwinning, but also included moral and religious guidance, education, and children’s involvement in the family business. Extracts from family correspondence are evidence of the close bonds between children and their fathers in Dunedin at this time. Family aspirations were not always met due to the vicissitudes of colonial life, but fathers were anxious to direct their offspring to reap the rewards that settlement could bring.