Abstract: From Maryland to Florida, and westward to Kansas, interviewers for the Federal Writers’ Project (FWP) spread out across seventeen states in the 1930s to record formerly enslaved African Americans’ firsthand accounts of slavery in the American South. Unbeknownst to many oral history scholars, the FWP’s “Oklahoma Slave Narrative” archive holds thirteen distinctive interviews with persons formerly enslaved by Southeastern Native Americans. My discovery of four informants whose narratives refer specifically to influential leaders of my Chickasaw tribe initiated my journey as oral historian and enrolled member of the Chickasaw Nation to make sense of a slaveholding past that has been all but erased from Chickasaw media. In this article, I present the historical context of settler colonialism that helped shed light on how Indian nations came to participate in chattel slavery in the antebellum South and Indian Territory. Drawing from primary sources found in my mother’s genealogy archive, I discovered important errors in the FWP interview transcripts—misidentifications of the tribe affiliations of the narrators’ former slaveholders that I believe have enabled many of today’s Chickasaw to disavow the existence of slaveholding ancestors. My comparative reading of these four narratives points to an overlooked political motivation for these narrators’ favorable representations of Indian slaveholders: the narrators’ quest to secure tribal affiliation and citizenship. Yet through these narratives, I have gained a more nuanced understanding of my Indigenous ancestry and a much more profound appreciation of the sovereign debt owed to the Chickasaw freedpeople and their descendants for the survival of my ancestors and our Indigenous nation in the face of territorial loss and colonial catastrophe.





Description: The history of New Zealand explained through powerful beliefs and the people who held them. In this major work, one of our leading historians offers a new account of the origins of New Zealand: how Pākehā settlers – nurtured on Enlightenment thought and evangelical humanitarianism – encountered Māori, and how the two peoples together developed a distinctively experimental society. With James Cook’s arrival in 1769 and the subsequent colonisation, New Zealand became one of the few post-Enlightenment experiments in creating a new nation anywhere in the world. The Europeans who settled these islands brought with them a belief in the power of reason and experience to improve peoples and societies. Encounters between Māori and these new arrivals profoundly shaped the thoughts and behaviours of both peoples. Olssen argues that the people who settled New Zealand planned two experiments in making a better society. They hoped that, in contrast to earlier colonial projects, the indigenous New Zealanders would not be driven to extinction but eventually take their place as equals in a modern commercial society. And they aimed to create a society that was fairer and more just than the one they had left behind; a ‘Better Britain’. While both experiments were first conceived by savants and philosophers, they gained ongoing support, by lodging in the hearts and minds of the settlers: whalers and missionaries, mothers and farmers. In turn, Māori adapted these new ideas to their own ends, giving up slavery and inter-tribal warfare, and adapting the institutions of the colonisers in ways that would re-define the experiments. This then is an ethnography of ‘tangata Pākehā’, a people of European descent changed by their encounters with ‘tangata Māori’ and their land – just as Māori were themselves changed – and the story of the society they built together. Ranging across intellectual and cultural history, from the beach at Paihia to the coffee houses of Paris, Olssen enables us to understand the origins of New Zealand anew.