Abstract: The Living Prairie Museum (LPM) initially called the St. James Prairie Park, or the St. James-Assiniboia Living Prairie Museum is a tall grass prairie conservation area and park in Winnipeg established in 1976. It was set aside by municipal leaders to preserve an area that is home to a diverse range of prairie grasses and flowers which had been largely unaffected by agriculture or urban development. Its purpose is to promote conservation and preservation of tall grass prairie, increase ecological awareness and provide educational opportunities for teaching about the prairie ecosystem. For the past several decades, the LPM has hosted school field trips, community workshops, and educational programming designed to explain past prairie ecologies that endured for thousands of years before European colonization, industrialization, and urbanization. The 13-hectare preserve traces its roots back to the time of the Red River Settlement. A firm vision began to emerge during the interwar period, the more so in the post-Second World War era of urban expansion. It came to full fruition in 1976, four years after a number of small municipalities surrounding Winnipeg were incorporated into the City of Winnipeg. This article tells the stories of the key scientists, community members, and city councillors who were instrumental in identifying and preserving the LPM. Ultimately, it was the foresight of these key figures that safeguarded a beautifully preserved, albeit small, representation of what so much of Winnipeg and its surrounding area once was.



Abstract: The ongoing Israeli genocide in Gaza is not only a humanitarian catastrophe but also a cultural one, marked by the systematic erasure of Palestinian identity, memory, and cultural heritage. This entry examines the destruction of Gaza through the lens of settler colonialism, tracing its roots to the early Zionist project and the violent establishment of the Israeli state. It argues that the dominant discourses on Gaza’s cultural heritage—centered on monumentality, pastness, and global relevance—fail to recognize the contemporary history of Palestine under Israeli settler colonialism, the lived cultural heritage of refugeeism, sumud (steadfastness), and Gaza’s cosmopolitan legacy. Drawing on settler colonial studies and cultural herita ge theory, the entry critiques how international heritage frameworks often replicate colonial values, overlooking the cultural and political agency embedded in refugee camps. These camps have become vital space s of memory work, resistance, and cultural production, embodying a cultural that challenges both local and global narratives. By foregrounding the cultural heritage of refugeeism, this work reveals how Palestinian sumud is not only a response to violence but also a form of cultural continuity, political expression, and resistance to dispossession. It calls for a rethinking of cultural heritage practices that center Indigenous experiences and confront the colonial foundations of cultural heritage discourse in the context of genocide.






Abstract: This qualitative study relies on a theory-driven analysis of legal and institutional sources to evaluate the application of post-colonial theory to the Kashmir issue by India, comparing the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir with India’s North-Eastern states at the intra-state level and India’s brinkmanship with South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations at the inter-state level. The paper identifies a recurring pattern of territorial hegemony in which limited political accommodation is initially granted, followed by legal and institutional restructuring that converts occupation into annexation and brings settler-colonization into play. The Indian unilateral moves of 2019 in Jammu and Kashmir is shown as set pattern and replication of strategies previously employed in India’s North-Eastern and peripheral regions. The paper makes three key contributions. First, it advances post-colonial theory by demonstrating how India, once a colonized state, itself functions as a colonizing power. Second, it provides a fact-based legal assessment of potential actions by the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General under Article 99, highlighting gaps between international norms and United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Third, through a comparative approach, it evaluates Indian brinkmanship and draws strategic lessons for smaller SAARC states in future where India eyes to expand. The paper establishes that Kashmir has entered a most crucial phase of settler colonialism, placing the Kashmiri people at demographic extinction.