Abstract: This article examines the ongoing genocide in Gaza as a culmination of long-standing Zionist settler-colonial practices, arguing that the apparent internal divisions within Israeli society obscure a deeper structural unity. It contends that these dynamics are better understood as generative tensions within a unified colonial project. Drawing on genocide studies, settler-colonial theory and political developments since October 2023, the article shows that liberal and illiberal Zionists have acted in concert to execute and justify mass violence against Palestinians. The liberal camp’s discourse of ‘permanent security’, rooted in assumptions of Palestinian collective guilt, pre-emptive violence and existential paranoia, has played a crucial role in legitimising genocide both domestically and internationally. Far from opposing the genocide in Gaza, liberal Zionists have supported it and participated in its execution – both ideologically and practically, many taking an active role in its execution as reservists. This collaboration between the different wings of the Zionist movement is not new, and historically, liberal Zionists led campaigns of dispossession and mass killing, notably in 1948 and 1967. The article argues that the internal conflict within Israeli society is not over the ethics of domination, but over its methods and the need to legitimise it internationally. Accordingly, conflicts between liberal and illiberal Zionism are generative and act as a Elian Weizman is a senior lecturer in international relations at London South Bank University. Sai Englert is a lecturer at the Leiden Institute of Area Studies. 1416705 RAC Race & ClassWeizman and EnglertBrothers in Arms 2 Race & Class 00(0) mechanism for settler-colonial endurance and expansion. By foregrounding the co-constitutive nature of liberal and illiberal genocidal practices, this piece offers a critical framework for understanding the present moment and the longue durée of Zionist violence.









Abstract: Municipalities in settler-colonial countries such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are placing new emphasis on improving Indigenous-settler relations and addressing colonial injustices in the city, in discourse if not in practice. In Canada, municipalities increasingly identify comprehensive planning projects that define future change and (re)development in the city as a space through which to advance these ‘reconciliation’ objectives. However, such projects are also intertwined with gentrification outcomes, outcomes that include Indigenous displacement, dispossession, and erasure. While a growing body of scholarship underlines these settler-colonial dimensions, it is unclear if such connections are made in practice as municipal planners turn their attention to both advancing Indigenous-settler reconciliation and mitigating gentrification-induced displacement. This dissertation deepens emerging dialogue between gentrification scholarship and literature on settler-colonial urbanism and Indigenous recognition as it examines tensions between gentrification, reconciliation, and displacement mitigation within municipal comprehensive planning. To identify the continuity and/or disruption of colonial-capitalist relations therein, I interrogate 1) how reconciliation discourses are translated into area redevelopment plans, 2) how municipal planners represent reconciliatory planning practice, and 3) how planning responses to gentrification concerns address the colonial dimensions of displacement. The research looks at comprehensive planning projects in cities across Canada, with a particular focus on Vancouver and Montréal. I draw on critical discourse analyses of both project documents and interviews with municipal planning staff and other relevant actors. The findings reveal that municipal planners negotiate multiple colonial-capitalist ‘boundaries’ at the nexus of redevelopment and reconciliation: those of Indigenous recognition, existing planning structures, and status quo regeneration objectives. While these boundaries are often reproduced as planners look to advance reconciliation and mitigate displacement within their constraints, more transformative policies, approaches, and mentalities are also beginning to emerge. The research expands on the (im)possibilities of state-led reconciliation through a planning lens, nuances the dynamics of Indigenous recognition in planning within a new context, and provides insight into discursive and policy shifts regarding gentrification and displacement, including limitations therein. It also underlines the importance of building planners’ motivations and capacities to disrupt colonial-capitalist planning relations.